The productivity of the bovine population can always be improved by exploiting the existing genetic potential of the animals with improved nutrition, health care and management, but the maximum gain in productivity is possible only when the genetic potential of our dairy cattle and buffalo is enhanced.
Objectives:
To provide quality AI services at Farmer’s door step with using semen of high genetic disease free merit bull.
To provide efficient service to improve the conception rate & reduce the inter-calving period.
To provide infertility management support to dairy farmers.
To provide advisory services to farmer like animal health, animal breeding and nutrition for creating awareness about profitable dairy animal management.
To capture and maintain the breeding data of all the inseminated animals linked to unique identification number.
Services provide under the AI Programme:
Timely, hygienic and quality AI services at doorstep of the farmers.
Compulsory Ear tagging of all inseminated animals.
’21 days’ follow up service to alert farmer to observe for heat signs.
Pregnancy diagnosis of after three months post insemination.
Calving follow up of the animal declare pregnant & registration of the female calf.
Advisory services to farmer on animal health & nutrition.
Ration Balancing Programme aims to improve production and reproduction of animals through adoption of scientific method of feeding with provision of technical inputs and services to milk producers at their doorstep, thereby improving milk production efficiency, reduction in milk production cost and economic return from dairying.
Objective:
Improvement in milk production and quality.
Possible reduction in daily feed cost.
Increase in net daily income.
Improvement in reproduction efficiency of animals.
Improvement in the growth rate of calves, leading to early maturity ad earlier calving.
Reduction in parasitic load.
Better immune response, hence better resistance against diseases.
Reduction in methane emission.
Reduction in nitrogen excretion and efficient utilization of locally available feed resources.
Reduction in calving interval and as result increase in productive life.
Activities under the RBP Programme:
Local village youth who is 10th pass educated and unemployed: age between18 to 35, preferably should be from same village is identified for work in his/her assigned own single village.
He/She is trained under Local Resource Persons (LRP) basic training.
LRP is visiting to the farmer’s house, which is having stall feed milch animals.
LRP is registering the animal with following the programme guidelines as trained in the basic training.
After required details collecting from farmers, LRP prepare the advice with use of INAPH and issue to farmer.
LRP will revisit each animal after every 3 to 4 week interval or whenever there is change in feed ingredient and collect the new feeding practices to reformulate balanced ration based on changes of feed ingredient and provide fresh RB advice.
To increase fodder production per unit of land and scientific storage of Fodder.
Fodder project was successfully implemented and closed on September-2017 with overall rating of 86% (Highly satisfaction).
Gayatri is running the fodder development activity as mentioned below:-
Silage making in plastic bag.
Fodder seed distribution.
Mower demonstration to get more yield of dry fodder.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE NOTED DURING VACCINATION
Animal shuold be in good health at the time of vaccination.
The cold chain of the vaccines wherever prescribed should be maintained till the time of administration to the animal.
The manufactures instruction on the route and dosage should be strictly followed.
A minimum vaccination coverage of 80% of population is required for proper control of the disease.
It is beneficial to deworm the animals 2-3 weeks before vaccination is carried out for better immune response.
Vaccination should be carried out at least a month prior to the likely occurrence of the disease.
Vaccination of animals in advanced pregnancy may be avoided even though in most cases nothing untoward may happen.
COMMON REASONS FOR VACCINATION FAILURE
Lack of maintenance of cold chain from the time of manufacture till vaccination.
Poor immune response in weak and improperly fed animals.
Lack of herd immunity due to only a few animals being vaccinated
Poor quality of vaccine - Quality will deteriorate if repeatedly thawed and cooled.
Low efficiency or ineffective vacccine - May occur in case of strain variation (eg. FMD).
VACCINATION SCHEDULES FOR CATTLE AND BUFFALOES
| Sn. | Name Of Disease | Age at First Dose | Booster Dose | Subsequent Dose(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) | 4 Month and Above | 1 Month after First Dose | Six Monthly |
| 2 | Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) | 6 Month and Above | - | Annually in endemic areas |
| 3 | Black Quarter (BQ) | 6 Month and Above | - | Annually in endemic areas |
| 4 | Brucellosis | 4-8 months of age (only female calves) | - | Once in a lifetime |
| 5 | Theileriosis | 3 months of age and above | - | Once in a lifetime. Only required for crossbred and exotic cattle. |
| 6 | Anthrax | 4 months and above | - | Annually in endemic areas. |
| 7 | IBR | 3 months and above | 1 month after first dose | Six Monthly (vaccine presently not produced in india) |
| 8 | Rabies (Post bite therpy only) | Immediately after suspected bite. | 4th Day | 7, 14, 28 and 90 (optional) days after first dose. |
It is estimated that round 60% of the losses in mastitis (inflammation of the udder) is due to the sub-clinical form. The farmer usually remains unaware of the existence of this form in his animals. A field level control programme has now been formulated to identify and treat sub-clinical mastitis which is cost effective and farmer friendly. Also, under the Project, the use Ethno-Veterinary Medicine (EVM) is being promoted as a cost effective, simple and sustainable solution for the farmer to manage clinical and chronic forms of mastitis. This will also address issues related to antibiotic residues in milk and, antimicrobial resistance in general. Extension also plays a vital role in awareness creation and transfer of knowledge to the farmer for which posters, hand-outs etc are provided at the MPP and farmer level on how to detect and manage all forms of mastitis and, also for effective management of other ailments by EVM.
Objective:
The project aims to highlight the significance of subclinical mastitis, a form that causes more losses than the clinical or chronic forms and how its detection and treatment could help farmers to increase their profits.
Use of Ethno Veterinary Medicine to reduce antibiotic residues in milk.
Services provide under the MCPP Programme :
Carried out California Mastitis Test (CMT) from milk sample of selected MPPs under MCPP to detect sub clinical mastitis.
Sample found positive for sub clinical mastitis is offering Tri-Sodium Citrate (TSC) powder initially to reduce effect of sub clinical mastitis.
Use of Ethno Veterinary Medicine (EVM) concept to animals suffering with various type of diseases.
Carried out test from milk samples to found antibiotic residues for Beta, tetracycline, Sulpha & Quinolones group antibiotics.
Carried out somatic cell count test from milk samples with use of digital reader.
Conduct extension programme & provide advisory services to farmer on animal health & nutrition.
Cattle Sex-sorted semen is sorted semen either to contain X or Y chromosome bearing sperms and the use of it would produce a desired sex i.e. male or female animal. In dairy sector preference is always given to a female calf and thus the use of X chromosome bearing sperms semen will be useful to produce maximum number of females.
Normal semen cells (spermatozoa) contain either X or Y-chromosomes and both these cells are present in a normal semen ejaculate or a semen straw. But ova released by female contains only X chromosomes. At the time of fertilization, if X chromosome from semen enters the ovum, then the resulting foetus will be a female (XX), and if Y chromosome enters the ovum then the resulting foetus will be a male (XY).
Therefore, in natural process there is an equal chance of getting male and female foetus. However, the advanced reproductive technology is able to separate spermatozoa bearing X or Y-chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of DNA (De Oxyribo Nucleic Acid). X cells contain more quantity of DNA (3.8% more) than the Y-chromosomes. This difference in molecular weight is used to differentiate X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa. For separation of X and Y chromosomes, the technique used is Flow-Cytometry. Flow cytometry is a laser based technology used for cell sorting.
The main global player in semen sex sorting is Sexing Technologies (ST), USA . The sex sorting lab with its severe quality control, focusses on removal of dead, male sperm cells to ensure production of over 90% females – a unique aspect of this technology”, due to removal of the dead and unwanted sperms the sex-sorted semen will be highly viable and fertile.
Benefits of Sex-Sorted Semen technology
Production of replacement heifers.
Building a disease free closed herd and improving desirable traits in a faster way.
Production of bulls and daughters for progeny testing.
Reduction in calving difficulties.
Better use of available feed and fodder resources.
Help in climate change mitigation strategy
